{"id":1098,"date":"2024-10-22T12:51:37","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T09:51:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/?p=1098"},"modified":"2024-10-22T12:51:37","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T09:51:37","slug":"mnozhestva-v-postgresql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/mnozhestva-v-postgresql\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (UNION) \u0432 PostgreSQL"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/MZoEpPYYZAQ\">21 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e<\/a>\u00a0\u0438\u0437 30 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/kurs-sql-c-0\/\">\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 SQL c 0<\/a>\u00a0\u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 <a href=\"https:\/\/rutube.ru\/video\/5c964626928d8160b8aee65e2afa3901\/\">RUTUBE<\/a> \u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/vk.com\/video-212716752_456239101\">VK \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/queries-union.html\">\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/a> \u0432 PostgreSQL &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (UNION)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (INTERSECT)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (EXCEPT)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e ALL. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (DISTINCT). \u0423\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; UNION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UNION \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b (\u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e ALL).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT &lt;target list&gt;\nFROM &lt;table&gt;\nUNION &#91;ALL]\nSELECT &lt;target list&gt;\nFROM &lt;table2&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-88.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1099\" style=\"width:261px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-88.png 480w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-88-300x219.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b &#8212; \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0421\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u044f. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>CREATE TABLE tables (\n    color text, \n    type_table text\n);\nCREATE TABLE chairs (\n    color text, \n    type_chair text\n);\nINSERT INTO tables VALUES \n    ('white', 'classic'),\n    ('black', 'classic');\nINSERT INTO chairs VALUES \n    ('white', 'plastic'),\n    ('blue', 'plastic');<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"303\" height=\"131\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-91.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-91.png 303w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-91-300x130.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"119\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-90.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-90.png 308w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-90-300x116.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT color\nFROM tables\nUNION ALL\nSELECT color\nFROM chairs;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"195\" height=\"176\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-92.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1103\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 ALL (\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c DISTINCT):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT color\nFROM tables\nUNION\nSELECT color\nFROM chairs;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"160\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-93.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1104\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0421\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b (\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 ALL) &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e UNION ALL \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432 (\u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT color\nFROM tables\nUNION\nSELECT color\nFROM chairs\nUNION ALL\nSELECT color\nFROM chairs;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"163\" height=\"179\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-89.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1100\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; INTERSECT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>INTERSECT \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b (\u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e ALL).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT &lt;target list&gt;\nFROM &lt;table&gt;\nINTERSECT &#91;ALL]\nSELECT &lt;target list&gt;\nFROM &lt;table2&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"524\" height=\"356\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-96.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-96.png 524w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-96-300x204.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>INSERT INTO tables VALUES \n    ('white', 'classic2'),\n    ('black', 'classic2');\nINSERT INTO chairs VALUES \n    ('white', 'plastic2'),\n    ('blue', 'plastic2');<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"164\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-94.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1105\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-94.png 308w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-94-300x160.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"302\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-95.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-95.png 302w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-95-300x166.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0451\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0421\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT color\nFROM tables\nINTERSECT ALL\nSELECT color\nFROM chairs;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"165\" height=\"107\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-97.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1108\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e INTERSECT, \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 JOIN, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u043c. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u0418\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; EXCEPT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EXCEPT \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 , \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b (\u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e ALL).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT &lt;target list&gt;\nFROM &lt;table&gt;\nEXCEPT &#91;ALL]\nSELECT &lt;target list&gt;\nFROM &lt;table2&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"316\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-98.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1109\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-98.png 480w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-98-300x198.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>CREATE TABLE tables (\n    color text, \n    type_table text\n);\nCREATE TABLE chairs (\n    color text, \n    type_chair text\n);\nINSERT INTO tables VALUES \n    ('white', 'classic'),\n    ('black', 'classic');\nINSERT INTO chairs VALUES \n    ('white', 'plastic'),\n    ('blue', 'plastic');<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"303\" height=\"131\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-91.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-91.png 303w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-91-300x130.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"119\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-90.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-90.png 308w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-90-300x116.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT color\nFROM TABLES\nEXCEPT ALL\nSELECT color\nFROM chairs;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"159\" height=\"77\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-99.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1110\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>INSERT INTO tables VALUES \n    ('white', 'classic'),\n    ('black', 'classic');<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"323\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-100.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1111\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-100.png 323w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-100-300x161.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 323px) 100vw, 323px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432 (\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445), \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT color\nFROM TABLES\nEXCEPT ALL\nSELECT color\nFROM chairs\nEXCEPT ALL\nSELECT color\nFROM chairs;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"163\" height=\"113\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-101.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1112\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/aeuge\/aristov_tech\/blob\/main\/00%20SQL%20s%200\/presentation\/00%2021%20SQL%20c%200.pdf\">\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>22 \u0438\u0437 30 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435, \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430 \u0432&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/kurs-sql-c-0\/\">\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u00a021 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u00a0\u0438\u0437 30 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u00a0\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 SQL c 0\u00a0\u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 RUTUBE \u0438 VK \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 PostgreSQL &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 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