{"id":1241,"date":"2024-11-27T09:25:42","date_gmt":"2024-11-27T06:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/?p=1241"},"modified":"2024-11-27T09:25:42","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T06:25:42","slug":"funkczii-dlya-raboty-s-dannymi-v-postgresql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/funkczii-dlya-raboty-s-dannymi-v-postgresql\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 PostgreSQL"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u00a028 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e<\/a>\u00a0\u0438\u0437 30 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u00a0\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 SQL c 0<\/a>\u00a0\u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 RUTUBE<\/a> \u0438 VK \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435<\/a> \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 PostgreSQL, \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 PostgreSQL \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e. \u041d\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0451 \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u044d\u043d\u0434\u0435, \u0442\u043e \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442. \u041d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0434 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412 PostgreSQL \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/a>: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

right(string, n)<\/strong> — \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

reverse(text)<\/strong> — \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0451 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

regexp_replace(string, pattern, replacement, flags)<\/strong> — \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0421 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e substr()<\/strong> \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SELECT substr('4951234567',1,3);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430 «\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 — 5»:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT substr(' Eugene ',3,length(' Eugene ')-5);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0421 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e trim()<\/strong> \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT trim(' \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 ');<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e length()<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT length(' \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 ');<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/a> \u0432 PostgreSQL \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
round(v, s)<\/strong> — \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
abs(num)<\/strong> — \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c<\/a> \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 — \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e extract()<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT EXTRACT(year from date '2024-05-25');<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f date_part()<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT date_part('month','2024-05-25'::TIMESTAMP);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0418 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT date_part('quarter','2024-05-25'::TIMESTAMP);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0410 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438? \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0412\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u044b\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u0437:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT floor((date_part('month','2024-05-25'::TIMESTAMP)-1)\/4+1) AS v1;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043a \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u0437:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT floor((date_part('month','2024-05-25'::TIMESTAMP)+3)\/4) \nAS v2;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT ceil((date_part('month','2024-05-25'::TIMESTAMP))\/4) \nAS v3;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0415\u0449\u0451 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 CASE<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT CASE \n    WHEN '2024-05-25' IS NULL THEN 0\n    WHEN (date_part('month','2024-05-25'::TIMESTAMP))<5 THEN 1\n    WHEN (date_part('month','2024-05-25'::TIMESTAMP))<9 THEN 2\n    ELSE 3\nEND as test2;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435 «::<\/strong>TIMESTAMP» — \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u043e PostgreSQL \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c — \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT date_part(‘month’,’2024-05-25′);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435  \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b — \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 WHERE. \u0414\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a> \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 CASE<\/strong>, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b<\/a>, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 COALESCE<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0441 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CREATE TABLE tbl (\n    t1 text, \n    t2 text\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
INSERT INTO tbl VALUES\n    (null, '2 column'),\n    ('1 column', null),\n    ('1','2'),\n    (null,null);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u041d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 NULL \u0438 NOT NULL, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f NULL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 CASE:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT *,\n    CASE WHEN t1 IS NULL AND t2 IS NULL\n        THEN 'NULL'\n    WHEN t1 IS NOT NULL AND t2 IS NOT NULL\n        THEN t1|| '|' ||t2\n    WHEN t1 IS NOT NULL\nTHEN t1\n    WHEN t2 IS NOT NULL\n        THEN t2\n    ELSE 'err'\nEND case\nFROM tbl;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u041b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 COALESCE:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT *,
COALESCE(t1||’|’||t2,COALESCE(t1,COALESCE(t2,NULL)))
FROM tbl;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
29 \u0438\u0437 30 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435, \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u00a028 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u00a0\u0438\u0437 30 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u00a0\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 SQL c 0\u00a0\u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 RUTUBE \u0438 VK \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 PostgreSQL, \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 PostgreSQL \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e. \u041d\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0451 \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204,194],"tags":[319,326,324,325,323,16,320,321,322,318],"class_list":["post-1241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kurs-sql-s-0","category-obuchenie-postgresql","tag-case","tag-coalesce","tag-date_part","tag-extract","tag-length","tag-postgresql","tag-reverse","tag-substr","tag-trim","tag-funkczii"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 PostgreSQL - 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