{"id":1284,"date":"2024-12-17T09:41:39","date_gmt":"2024-12-17T06:41:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/?p=1284"},"modified":"2024-12-17T09:41:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T06:41:39","slug":"urovni-izolyaczii-tranzakczij-v-postgresql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/urovni-izolyaczii-tranzakczij-v-postgresql\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 PostgreSQL"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/FToh94w5EZw\">30 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e<\/a>\u00a0\u0438\u0437 30 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/kurs-sql-c-0\/\">\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 SQL c 0<\/a>\u00a0\u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 <a href=\"https:\/\/rutube.ru\/video\/9bd3f98908c2c400eb5d1f14ea654be7\/\">RUTUBE<\/a> \u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/vk.com\/video-212716752_456239093\">VK \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/tranzakczii-v-postgresql\/\">\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a> \u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/urovni-izolyaczii-tranzakczij\/\">\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/a>. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>ACID<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c ACID \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443 \u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<strong> <\/strong>\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;ACID &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atomicity \u2014 \u0410\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<br>Consistency \u2014 \u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<br>Isolation \u2014 \u0418\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<br>Durability \u2014 \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c ACID \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435&nbsp;\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e (\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443 (\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>OLTP &#8212; <strong>O<\/strong>n<strong>l<\/strong>ine <strong>T<\/strong>ransaction <strong>P<\/strong>rocessing &#8212; \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b (\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>BEGIN;\nBEGIN TRANSACTION;\nSTART TRANSACTION;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f) \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>COMMIT;\nCOMMIT TRANSACTION;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ROLLBACK;\nROLLBACK TRANSACTION;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f-\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0451 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 SQL \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 4 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0410\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>dirty read<\/strong> (\u00ab\u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435\u00bb \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435): \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043d\u0435  \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. ROLLBACK (\u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430) \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e&nbsp; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f <em>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e.<\/em> \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>non-repeatable read<\/strong> (\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435): \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 COMMIT (\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e), \u0442\u043e <em>\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>phantom read<\/strong> (\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435): \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044e, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044e, \u0442\u043e <em>\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>serialization anomaly<\/strong> (\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438): \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445<a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/transaction-iso.html\"> \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-37-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-37-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-37-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-37-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-37-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-37.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439,&nbsp; \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430 D &#8212; Durability, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 commit (\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 synchronous_commit \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 local \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/transaction-iso.html#XACT-SERIALIZABLE\">\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441 \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"291\" height=\"166\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-36.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1285\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT SUM(value) \nFROM mytab \nWHERE class = 1;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT SUM(value) \nFROM mytab \nWHERE class = 2;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442, \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PostgreSQL \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ERROR:&nbsp; could not serialize access due to read\/write dependencies among transactions<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 Repeatable Read \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PostgreSQL \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 Repeatable Commited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test;\n\nCREATE TABLE test(\n    i int\n);\nINSERT INTO test VALUES \n    (1);\n\nSELECT * FROM test;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"565\" height=\"311\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-38.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1287\" style=\"width:401px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-38.png 565w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-38-300x165.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>BEGIN;\n\nSELECT * \nFROM test;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"304\" height=\"221\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-39.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1288\" style=\"width:244px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-39.png 304w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-39-300x218.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 304px) 100vw, 304px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>BEGIN;\n\nUPDATE test \n    SET i = 777 \n    WHERE i = 1;\n\nCOMMIT;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"601\" height=\"238\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-40.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1289\" style=\"width:405px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-40.png 601w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-40-300x119.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * \nFROM test;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"325\" height=\"96\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-41.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-41.png 325w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-41-300x89.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 (\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435 (\u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ROLLBACK;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"205\" height=\"48\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-42.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1291\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;\n\nSELECT * \nFROM test;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"528\" height=\"119\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-43.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-43.png 528w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-43-300x68.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;\n\nINSERT INTO test VALUES \n    (888);\nCOMMIT;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"536\" height=\"139\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-44.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-44.png 536w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-44-300x78.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * \nFROM test;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"224\" height=\"103\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-45.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1294\" style=\"width:324px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 (\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>DROP TABLE IF EXISTS STest;\n\nCREATE TABLE Stest (\n    i int, \n    amount int\n);\n\nINSERT INTO sTEST VALUES \n    (1,10), \n    (1,20), \n    (2,100), \n    (2,200);\n\nSELECT * \nFROM stest;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"672\" height=\"321\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-46.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-46.png 672w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-46-300x143.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435, \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 (\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430) \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;\n\nSELECT sum(amount) \nFROM stest \nWHERE i = 1;\n\nINSERT INTO stest VALUES \n    (2,30);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"725\" height=\"251\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-47.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-47.png 725w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-47-300x104.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;\n\nSELECT sum(amount) \nFROM stest \nWHERE i = 2;\n\nINSERT INTO stest VALUES \n    (1,300);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"659\" height=\"262\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-48.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-48.png 659w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-48-300x119.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 659px) 100vw, 659px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0424\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>COMMIT;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"263\" height=\"146\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-49.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1298\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>COMMIT;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"643\" height=\"79\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-50.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-50.png 643w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-50-300x37.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 REPEATABLE READ \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0441 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/aeuge\/aristov_tech\/blob\/main\/00%20SQL%20s%200\/presentation\/00%2030%20SQL%20c%200.pdf\">\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044e\u044e, 30 \u0438\u0437 30, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 SQL \u0441 0 \u043e\u0442 <a href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/\">\u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c PostgreSQL \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <a href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/#course\">\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a> PostgreSQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044e\u0441\u044c, \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 PostgreSQL, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e PostgreSQL &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b. \u041d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0425\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u043d\u0430 YouTube, \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432 <a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/playlist?list=PL3VHl9eDXKitUcEEKeDqoqUVfaExdb47p&amp;si=WpU7IdksWViQae4u\">\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0432 <a href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/\">\u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@aristovtech\">\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b \u044e\u0442\u0443\u0431<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/aristov_tech\">\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b TG<\/a> \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u043f\u043e PostgreSQL!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 PostgreSQL \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 aristov.tech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u00a030 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u00a0\u0438\u0437 30 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u00a0\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 SQL c 0\u00a0\u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 RUTUBE \u0438 VK \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435. ACID \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c ACID \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443. \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430: &nbsp;ACID &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e: Atomicity \u2014 \u0410\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044cConsistency [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204,194],"tags":[334,335,16,336,337,92,93,88],"class_list":["post-1284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kurs-sql-s-0","category-obuchenie-postgresql","tag-acid","tag-dirty-read","tag-postgresql","tag-read-commited","tag-read-uncommited","tag-repeatable-read","tag-serializable","tag-tranzakczii"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 PostgreSQL - \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 PostgreSQL \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 ACID, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f Read Commited, Read Uncommited, Serializable \u0438 Repetable read.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/urovni-izolyaczii-tranzakczij-v-postgresql\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 PostgreSQL - \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 PostgreSQL \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 ACID, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f Read Commited, Read Uncommited, Serializable \u0438 Repetable read.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/urovni-izolyaczii-tranzakczij-v-postgresql\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 PostgreSQL \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-17T06:41:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-37.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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