{"id":1959,"date":"2025-11-13T08:45:30","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T05:45:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/?p=1959"},"modified":"2025-12-12T08:02:31","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T05:02:31","slug":"ponyatie-bloka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/ponyatie-bloka\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/WL7yhUPIjpc\">\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e<\/a>&nbsp;\u0438\u0437 31 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 SQL 2.0 \u2014&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/sql-vs-pl-pgsql\/\">PL\/pgSQL \u0432 PostgreSQL<\/a>&nbsp;\u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/kurs-sql-c-0\/\">SQL c 0<\/a>. \u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/rutube.ru\/video\/private\/5ae7922cee3ba435e65d21c86da0343b\/?p=kNWRz3ivBeNueb2EPaPtag\">RUTUBE&nbsp;<\/a>\u0438&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vkvideo.ru\/video-212716752_456239121\">VK \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/peremennye-prioritety-i-osnovnye-tipy-dannyh\/\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435<\/a>&nbsp;\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/aeuge\/aristov_tech\/tree\/main\/01%20SQL_PGSQL\">\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PL\/pgSQL \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a. \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91; &lt;&lt;\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430&gt;&gt; ]\n&#91; DECLARE\n  \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f ]\nBEGIN\n  \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\nEND &#91; \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 ];<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 BEGIN \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f END \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c &#171;;&#187;(\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0439). \u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a, \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 END, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 END, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430<\/strong> \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 EXIT, CONTINUE \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0435. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 END, \u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c <strong>\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0412\u042b\u0425\u041e\u0414\u0418\u0422\u042c \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041b\u042e\u0411\u041e\u0419 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u044b &#8212; \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0451\u043c, \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 out_block.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code has-small-font-size\"><code>CREATE FUNCTION somefunc() RETURNS integer AS $$\n<em><strong>&lt;&lt;out_block&gt;&gt;<\/strong><\/em>\nDECLARE\n  quantity integer := 300;\nBEGIN\n  RAISE NOTICE '\u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 quantity = %', quantity; -- \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f 300\n  quantity := 500;\n      --\n      -- \u0412\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\n      --\n      DECLARE\n        quantity integer := 800;\n      BEGIN\n        RAISE NOTICE '\u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 quantity = %', quantity; -- \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f 800\n        RAISE NOTICE '\u0412\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0435 quantity = %', <em><strong>out_block<\/strong><\/em>.quantity; -- \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f 500\n      END;\n  RAISE NOTICE '\u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 quantity = %', quantity; -- \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f 500\n  RETURN quantity;\nEND;\n$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422.\u0435. \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432 <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/WL7yhUPIjpc\">\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412 <a href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/operatory-vetvleniya-if-case\/\">\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435<\/a> \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430&nbsp;\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e&nbsp;\u0438\u0437 31 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 SQL 2.0 \u2014&nbsp;PL\/pgSQL \u0432 PostgreSQL&nbsp;\u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430&nbsp;SQL c 0. \u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445&nbsp;RUTUBE&nbsp;\u0438&nbsp;VK \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e. \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u0412&nbsp;\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435&nbsp;\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[367],"tags":[383,16,133,200,387],"class_list":["post-1959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kurs-sql-vs-pgsql","tag-education","tag-postgresql","tag-psql","tag-sql","tag-tutorial-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 - \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 PostgreSQL \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/ponyatie-bloka\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 - \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 PostgreSQL \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/ponyatie-bloka\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 PostgreSQL \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-13T05:45:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-12T05:02:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Nastya\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nastya\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aristov.tech\\\/blog\\\/ponyatie-bloka\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aristov.tech\\\/blog\\\/ponyatie-bloka\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Nastya\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aristov.tech\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8bcc2c50e100e146c8bd9f49d45f9115\"},\"headline\":\"\u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 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