{"id":521,"date":"2024-02-16T13:16:44","date_gmt":"2024-02-16T10:16:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/?p=521"},"modified":"2024-02-16T13:16:49","modified_gmt":"2024-02-16T10:16:49","slug":"toast-in-postgresql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/toast-in-postgresql\/","title":{"rendered":"TOAST in PostgreSQL"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 8\u043a\u0431 (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435). \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0442\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/storage-toast.html\">TOAST-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.timescale.com\/blog\/what-is-toast-and-why-it-isnt-enough-for-data-compression-in-postgres\/\">\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/datatype-json.html\">jsonb<\/a>, varchar, etc) \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 TOAST-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 TOAST-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b (The Oversized Attribute Storage Technique):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u00ab\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443\u00bb \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0443<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 toast \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f toast \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c <strong>SELECT *<\/strong> &#8212; \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 1 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 TOAST \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442 bloating (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0435) \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u2013 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c OID TOAST \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CREATE TABLE toast_test (id SERIAL, value TEXT);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SELECT relname, reltoastrelid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = &#8216;toast_test&#8217;;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"940\" height=\"158\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-7.png 940w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-7-300x50.png 300w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-7-768x129.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 OID \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441 TOAST \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 16393;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"115\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-525\" style=\"width:479px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-8.png 755w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-8-300x46.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 TOAST \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b (OID \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e OID \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\d pg_toast.pg_toast_16389<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"940\" height=\"291\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-526\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-9.png 940w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-9-300x93.png 300w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-9-768x238.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c 3 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>chunk_id<\/strong>: \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 TOAST<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>chunk<\/strong><strong>_<\/strong><strong>seq<\/strong>: \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0447\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 (\u043a\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>chunk<\/strong><strong>_<\/strong><strong>data<\/strong>: \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c chunk_id \u0438 chunk_seq. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c REINDEX (\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 TOAST:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SELECT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; n.nspname || &#8216;.&#8217; || c.relname AS table_name,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size(c.oid)) AS total_size,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size(c.reltoastrelid)) AS toast_size<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FROM pg_class c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">JOIN pg_namespace n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ON c.relnamespace = n.oid<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WHERE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; relname = &#8216;toast_test&#8217;;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"78\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-527\" style=\"width:387px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-10.png 580w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-10-300x40.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e, \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 TOAST \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">INSERT INTO toast_test (value) VALUES (&#8216;small value&#8217;);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SELECT * FROM pg_toast.pg_toast_16389;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/aristov.tech\/008098a9-f285-4e98-a29a-015aae8bbfe3\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u2013 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c 4097 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 TOAST:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">INSERT INTO toast_test (value) VALUES (repeat(&#8216; &#8216;, 4097));<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SELECT * FROM pg_toast.pg_toast_16389;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"889\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-12.png 889w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-12-300x55.png 300w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-12-768x140.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 889px) 100vw, 889px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u2013 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0432 4 \u041a\u0411\u00a0 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 8 \u041a\u0411 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c 400 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 TOAST \u2013 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">INSERT INTO toast_test (value) VALUES (repeat(&#8216;s&#8217;, 400097));<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SELECT count(*) FROM pg_toast.pg_toast_16389;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"715\" height=\"131\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-530\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-13.png 715w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-13-300x55.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 715px) 100vw, 715px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c 3 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430! \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SELECT chunk_id, chunk_seq, length(chunk_data) FROM pg_toast.pg_toast_16389;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"940\" height=\"148\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-531\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-14.png 940w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-14-300x47.png 300w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-14-768x121.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0435 TEXT \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e 400 \u041a\u0411 \u0432 4,5 \u041a\u0411.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u2013 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b. \u041d\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c 2 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u2013 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION generate_random_string(<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp; length INTEGER,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp; characters TEXT default &#8216;0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">) RETURNS TEXT AS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DECLARE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp; result TEXT := &#187;;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BEGIN<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp; IF length &lt; 1 then<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; RAISE EXCEPTION &#8216;Invalid length&#8217;;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp; END IF;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp; FOR __ IN 1..length LOOP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; result := result || substr(characters, floor(random() * length(characters))::int + 1, 1);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp; end loop;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp; RETURN result;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">END;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c 10 \u041a\u0411 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">INSERT INTO toast_test (value) VALUES (generate_random_string(1024 * 10));<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e TOAST:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SELECT chunk_id, COUNT(*) as chunks, pg_size_pretty(sum(octet_length(chunk_data)::bigint))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FROM pg_toast.pg_toast_16389 GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"940\" height=\"124\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-15.png 940w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-15-300x40.png 300w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-15-768x101.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u044a\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e \u2013 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TRUNCATE toast_test;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"616\" height=\"117\" src=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-533\" style=\"width:347px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-16.png 616w, https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-16-300x57.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 616px) 100vw, 616px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435\u0439\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e, \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 DELETE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 <a href=\"https:\/\/doxygen.postgresql.org\/pg__lzcompress_8c_source.html\">LZ comperssion<\/a> \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-DEFAULT-TOAST-COMPRESSION\">\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e <a href=\"http:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/jsonb-toast-in-postgresql\/\">\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 jsonb \u0432 PostgreSQL<\/a> \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 8\u043a\u0431 (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435). \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0442\u043e: \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 TOAST-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b (The Oversized Attribute Storage Technique): \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c OID TOAST \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[186,187,16,188,182,68,53,39],"class_list":["post-521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ustrojstvo-postgresql","tag-bloating","tag-pg_toast","tag-postgresql","tag-problems","tag-toast","tag-evgenij-aristov","tag-optimizacziya","tag-proizvoditelnost"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>TOAST in PostgreSQL - \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 PostgreSQL \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 8\u043a\u0431. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0442\u043e: \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e TOAST -\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e. \u0414\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 (jsonb , varchar, etc) \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 TOAST-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/toast-in-postgresql\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TOAST in PostgreSQL - \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 PostgreSQL \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 8\u043a\u0431. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0442\u043e: \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e TOAST -\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e. \u0414\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 (jsonb , varchar, etc) \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 TOAST-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/toast-in-postgresql\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 PostgreSQL \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-02-16T10:16:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-16T10:16:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/aristov.tech\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-7.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"aeuge\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"aeuge\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aristov.tech\\\/blog\\\/toast-in-postgresql\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aristov.tech\\\/blog\\\/toast-in-postgresql\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"aeuge\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aristov.tech\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/191712eae0472c7752fc806134be751d\"},\"headline\":\"TOAST in 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\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e TOAST -\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e. \u0414\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 (jsonb , varchar, etc) \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 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